Depressingly Strong Urge to Have a Baby During Ovulation
journal article
The American Naturalist
Published Past: The University of Chicago Press
https://www. jstor .org/stable/2460555
Several hypotheses take been proposed to explain the occurrence of continual sexual receptivity and concealed ovulation in man females. In view of the large number of benefits that would accrue to females if they could sense their own ovulation, these explanations announced insufficient to explicate why ovulation is concealed from females equally well as from males. The hypothesis presented here is that the phenomenon occurs because of a hominid female tendency to avert conception in biologically nonadaptive ways. This tendency was countered by natural option by making ovulation virtually undetectable to women. The sequence of evolutionary adaptations culminating in concealed ovulation is most likely as follows. First, olfactory, visual, and pronounced behavioral cues to ovulation were lost to conspecifics. Coincidentally females evolved continuous receptivity, frequently copulating at times other than when ovulating. Finally, females lost witting cues to their own fertility. This last step was predicated upon the acquisition of sufficient intelligence to associate copulation with pregnancy equally well every bit sufficient self-consciousness to have reasons for wishing to avoid begetting children. The possibility of this sequence of events is supported by the finding, amidst primates, that the evolution of receptivity outside the fertile menstruation is not contingent upon loss of oestrus. Several types of evidence support this hypothesis. Physiological evidence suggests that women'south menstrual cycles are naturally irregular, compared to the cycles of other primates; women are unaware of rapid hormone changes occurring in their bodies at ovulation, but have numerous cues to impending period, which is accompanied by less dramatic hormone changes; and in spite of considerable research directed to the development of a uncomplicated, foolproof rhythm method of birth control, the method is yet tiresome and somewhat fault-prone. Taken together, these findings support the contention that ovulation has been actively concealed by natural selection. Anthropological literature establishes that women in archaic societies routinely attempt to control their reproduction. Many of their attempts seem biologically nonadaptive, beingness initiated for reasons such every bit fright of death, fright of pain, or the inconvenience of having children. Such motivations amidst hominid females would take given natural selection ample "reason" and opportunity to suppress testify of ovulation. Limited bear witness suggests that men oppose certain female-initiated types of birth control. Such male opposition indicates that female attempts to control reproduction are sometimes not in the males' biological (and perhaps egocentric) best interests. American women experience the greatest conscious desire for intercourse merely following and/or prior to flow. Still, psychoanalytic evidence suggests that women are most "loving" and receptive near ovulation, and other evidence indicates that a tiptop of copulatory activity may occur at ovulation. At present the specific cues that result in this phenomenon are unknown. The notion that the prove of ovulation has been actively concealed past evolutionary processes has implications for several fields of research. To the students of biorhythms and physiology of reproduction it could lead to questions apropos the possible control of the irregularity of the menstrual bicycle. To those studying human being beliefs it adds a new dimension to questions of sexual conflict and male-female interactions. To investigators of human sex attractants and pheromones it suggests that the nearly fruitful enquiry approaches may involve the report of extended behavioral responses to diverse stimuli, rather than request for conscious reactions to them. Long-term studies involving well-established pair bonds may yield more positive results than brusque-term studies involving strangers. To those searching for a reliable and easy method of birth command, it suggests that their difficulties are non a outcome of some accident of nature. Further, although a superior rhythm method might be adult, its usefulness may not be extremely long-lived, unless failures of the method are routinely followed by ballgame. The essence of this moral is well expressed in Hardin's (1963, p. 370) paraphrase of the Beatitudes: "Blessed are the women that are irregular, for their daughters shall inherit the world."
Current problems are now on the Chicago Journals website. Read the latest event.Since its inception in 1867, The American Naturalist has maintained its position every bit one of the world"s premier peer-reviewed publications in ecology, evolution, and beliefs research. Its goals are to publish articles that are of broad interest to the readership, pose new and significant problems, introduce novel subjects, develop conceptual unification, and change the mode people think. AmNat emphasizes sophisticated methodologies and innovative theoretical syntheses—all in an effort to advance the knowledge of organic development and other broad biological principles.
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Source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2460555
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